When the magnet’s north pole faces 2 o’clock, then Line 1 and 2 are affected by the north pole but the south pole is directly opposite Line 3 so it’s now at peak current. But they are still moving in line 1 attracted by the closer north pole and they are moving in line 3 repelled by the south pole. As the magnet is spinning, when the north pole is at 1 o’clock it becomes perpendicular to line 2 so of course, the electrons stop moving in line 2. In each three of these lines, as the electrons are moving back and forth, they are not always moving in the same direction or speed as the other two lines. The closer the south pole gets to each wire, the more the electrons move away from the south pole. If the north pole is closer to one of the 3 wires, then the electrons move in that direction. The 3 lines are equally spaced around the circle. And at the eight o’clock position is 120 degrees away from both the 4 and 12 o’clock positions. So when you're at the four o'clock position in our example here, that's 120 degrees away from line one. When generating 3 phase power, the copper lines are located 120 degrees apart. Going from 12 to 3 is 90 degrees and going from 12 to 4 is 120 degrees. A circle is 360 degrees and the clock divides the circle into 12 sections so that each hour covers 30 degrees of the circle. Looking at the chart, you can see why I picked an analog clock face. If you clicked on this video without a thorough understanding of alternating current, please view that video first. That was described in detail in the alternating current video. Then as the magnet swings, more than 90 degrees and the south pole of the magnet comes closer to line one, and the electrons will reverse which means the direction of the current will reverse. What happens when the magnet now swings 90 degrees?Īs we saw in the alternating current video, because the magnet is perpendicular to line 1, the electrons in line one will stop moving. The electrons in line 1 are going to be flowing towards the north pole of the magnet. To help explain the concept easier, let's use a clock face and say that line one is at the twelve o'clock position. In this three-phase example, the north positive end of the magnet is pointing straight up at line one. Now we’re going to spin a magnet past 3 wires and see the effect that has on the current in each wire. In the alternating current video, we showed how spinning a magnet past one wire caused the current to flow back and forth. This example is different from what I would use to describe how a three-phase motor uses power.
Let’s look at a simplified example of how 3 phase power is generated. The power that enters a data center is usually 3 phase AC power, which means 3 phase alternating current power. I’ll also explain the mystery behind why the 3 power lines are 120 degrees apart because that’s a crucial piece to understanding 3 phase power. Welcome to this animated video that will quickly explain 3 phase power. Global RARITAN GLOBAL Raritan North America.You might also be interested in our VA to kW calculator. Thus, the apparent power S in volt-amps is equal to 1,000 times the real power P in kilowatts, divided by the power factor PF. The formula to convert kilowatts to volt-amps is: Thus, the total generated apparent power is not always used for real work due to the power factor converting between them requires a formula. The difference between the two is conceptualized by the value of the system power factor, which should ideally be equal to 1. These components have electrostatic and magnetic fields to store energy and require some power loss in terms of reactive power.
The difference between generated apparent power and delivered real power arises due to nonlinear elements of the grid, i.e., the capacitive and inductive elements of the transmission network and connected load. One kW of power is equal to 1,000 watts of power.
In an electrical power system, power is calculated in a higher unit, kilowatts (kW), due to the large electrical loads connected to the power system at any given time. The delivered real power is measured in watts (W) one watt equals one joule of energy supplied to a device in one second. The generated apparent power is measured in volt-amperes one VA is equal to the power that would flow when one volt is applied to cause a current flow of one ampere through a device. Volt-amps and kilowatts are both measures of electrical power, but they’re slightly different.Įlectrical power is a measure of the instantaneous rate at which electrical energy is generated at the power station and the total energy delivered to an electrical device connected to the power station.
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